Hiring a Dog Trainer? Read This First!

Finding a quality trainer is easier with this handy checklist. photo: AdobeStock

When it comes to dog training, there's an unsettling truth that most people don't realize: the field is entirely unregulated. 

Unlike most professions, there are no specific requirements to become a dog trainer. No state or federal certifications are needed, meaning anyone with a pulse can whip up a website, print some business cards, and call themselves a dog trainer. While most professions, from electricians to psychologists, demand rigorous licensing and accreditation, the world of "professional" dog training is a free-for-all.  

This lack of oversight leaves pet parents vulnerable to misinformation, outdated practices, and sometimes even harm to their dogs. That’s why dog guardians must do their homework before hiring a trainer.

Some dog owners are proactive, enrolling in classes or hiring a trainer before serious behavioral issues develop. But many wait until problems escalate and find themselves at their wit’s end before seeking professional help. Desperation can cloud judgment, much like grocery shopping on an empty stomach can do. 

What should you look for in a trainer? We’re glad you asked. Here’s a handy checklist to help you find a qualified trainer who’s a good fit for you and your pup.

Methodology Matters

Look for trainers who use force-free, positive reinforcement methods grounded in science. Research consistently shows that humane, reward-based training is effective for all behavioral issues without risking your dog’s physical or emotional well-being.

Beware of “balanced” trainers. This term refers to trainers who use both rewards and punishment, which can include painful tools like prong, shock, or choke collars. These methods might suppress unwanted behaviors quickly, but they come at a high cost, including increased fear, anxiety, and aggression. And while aversive tools and techniques may sometimes show fast results, the long-term fallout for you and your dog is well-documented, and it isn’t good. By contrast, a preponderance of research and recent scientific studies show that reward-based training - without harsh corrections or punishment - is effective, humane, and does not jeopardize your dog's overall welfare.

Some trainers purposefully hide their use of aversive methods by advertising positive reinforcement while quietly implementing punishment behind the scenes. Ask detailed questions and watch for bait-and-switch tactics. Beware of trainers who may have co-opted the term “positive” but show photos of dogs wearing shock or prong collars on their websites or social media.

Credentials and Certifications

While no mandatory certifications exist to use the dog trainer title, many reputable organizations do offer education and credentials. When selecting a trainer, prioritize those with formal education and recognized certifications. To help you navigate the often-confusing array of acronyms, see the list of recommended certifications at the end of this article.

Business License and Insurance

A legitimate trainer will have a valid business license and insurance. These indicate professionalism and a commitment to running a reputable business.

Experience

Years of experience can often be mistaken for expertise. But dog training has evolved significantly in the past two decades, and some trainers who have been in the field for years may still rely on outdated, harmful methods. Dogs haven't changed, but our understanding of how they learn has. Look for trainers who prioritize continuing education and stay updated on the latest research.

To be effective, your trainer should also have experience working with your dog’s breed and the particular issue(s) you’re trying to address. Are you looking for a trainer’s help with reactivity, fear, separation anxiety, puppy socialization, or something else? Is your dog a Chihuahua, a herding dog from a working line, or a Heinz 57? To find the right fit, it’s important to be as specific as possible when interviewing a potential trainer (see our questions below).

References

Instead of relying solely on testimonials posted on a trainer’s website, ask for references from former clients. Online reviews can be misleading, as they often reflect emotional responses rather than objective assessments, and some may even be fake or filtered. Don’t let a trainer’s social media following influence your decision. Popularity doesn’t always equal expertise. 

Personal recommendations from other dog owners can be helpful, but it’s still important to do your due diligence. All the guidance in this article still applies, even if your neighbor or a Facebook friend swears by their trainer.

🚩 Red Flags to Watch For

Certain terms, promises, or methods should immediately raise alarm bells. Avoid trainers who:

• Call themselves a behaviorist without formal credentials to back them up. Only veterinary behaviorists (DACVB) or certified applied animal behaviorists (CAAB) can use these titles.

• Call themselves “balanced trainers” or use tools like shock collars, prong collars, choke chains, bark collars, or spray bottles.

• Offer guarantees. Dog training involves living, breathing beings with their own personalities and learning curves. No ethical trainer can guarantee results.

• Talk about “pack leadership,” “dominance,” or “alpha.” These terms are based on outdated and debunked theories about dog behavior.

• Do not use food or treats in training or dismiss them as “bribes.” Positive reinforcement relies on rewards, and treats are often the most effective motivator.

• Say, “Not all dogs learn the same way,” as a justification for using punishment or aversive tools. While individual dogs may have unique personalities and preferences, learning theory - the science of how animals learn - applies universally to all species, including dogs.

• Mention boot camps or board-and-train programs that do not disclose their methods or tools. Many of these programs rely on harsh corrections.

• Use the term "behavioralist,” which is not an official or recognized title in the field of animal behavior or training. It’s often a made-up or misused term, likely derived from "behaviorist." While it might sound legitimate, it has no formal meaning or associated credentials.

Questions to Ask a Prospective Dog Trainer

To ensure you’re hiring the right trainer, ask pointed questions that reveal their methods, experience, and qualifications. A good trainer will be transparent and happy to discuss their approach. Here are some specific questions to guide your conversation:

1. What training methods do you use?

Look for trainers who explicitly state that they use positive reinforcement and force-free methods. If they mention "balanced training," ask for clarification. It often means they use both rewards and punishment, including tools like shock collars or prong collars.

2. Do you ever use tools like shock collars, prong collars, or choke chains?

A qualified, force-free trainer should not use or endorse aversive tools. If they say they use these "only when necessary" or on "stubborn dogs," that’s a red flag.

3. What certifications or professional memberships do you have?

Ask if they hold any certifications or memberships in certain respected organizations (see below).

4. How do you stay current on the latest research in dog training and behavior?

A reputable trainer should actively pursue continuing education through conferences, workshops, or courses. Look for someone who emphasizes staying updated on modern, science-based techniques.

5. Can you provide references or client testimonials?

Ask for references from recent clients and read or listen to their experiences.

6. Do you have experience with dogs like mine?

Whether you have a puppy, a rescue dog, or a dog with specific behavioral issues, ask if the trainer has experience with similar cases. Their answer will help gauge whether they’re the right fit for your dog’s unique needs.

7. How do you handle unwanted behaviors?

This question can reveal a lot about their methods. A force-free trainer will focus on managing the environment, teaching alternative behaviors, and rewarding good choices rather than resorting to punishment.

8. Do you offer a consultation or assessment before training begins?

A consultation can help the trainer understand your goals and your dog’s specific needs. It’s also an excellent opportunity for you to evaluate their approach.

9. Are you insured and licensed?

A legitimate business will have liability insurance and any required local business licenses.

10. What happens if my dog doesn’t progress as expected?

This question helps you understand their expectations and flexibility. A good trainer will work collaboratively with you to adjust the training plan as needed.

Hiring a dog trainer is an important decision that can have a lasting impact on your dog’s behavior and your bond with them. Don’t rush the process, and don’t settle for the first trainer you find. By evaluating a trainer’s methods, credentials, and professionalism, you can ensure that you and your dog receive the help you need - safely and effectively.

Remember, a great trainer will not only teach your dog but also empower you to become an active participant in the training process. Choose wisely, and you’ll lay the foundation for a lifetime of positive interactions with your furry best friend.

Trainers, Consultants, and Behaviorists: What’s the Difference?

Dog Trainer

Dog trainers address basic training and focus on teaching specific skills such as sit, stay, come, leash manners, house training, and non-aggressive behaviors. In addition to teaching basic skills, many dog trainers offer specialized skills and activities including, but not limited to, agility, tracking and scent work, trick training, herding, hunting, luring, search and rescue, detection, obedience competition, and service dog training.

Behavior Consultant

Behavior consultants specialize in addressing complex or severe behavioral issues, including reactivity, fear, anxiety, resource guarding, and aggression. Unlike dog trainers, they focus on identifying and resolving the root causes of these behaviors rather than just managing symptoms or teaching skills.

Behavior consultants are certified by the Certification Council for Professional Dog Trainers  (CCPDT) or the International Association of Animal Behavior Consultants  (IAABC). To maintain their credentials, they must complete continuing education and recertify every three years, staying up-to-date on the latest research and best practices.

Animal Behaviorist

To use the title "animal behaviorist," a professional must be certified by the Animal Behavior Society (ABS).

• Associate Certified Applied Animal Behaviorists must hold a master’s degree in a biological or behavioral science and have at least two years of professional experience in animal behavior.

• Certified Applied Animal Behaviorists must have a doctorate in a biological or behavioral science and at least five years of professional experience in the field.

Veterinary Behaviorist

Veterinary behaviorists are veterinarians with specialized training in animal behavior who have been board-certified by the American College of Veterinary Behaviorists (ACVB). They are uniquely qualified to address severe or complex behavior issues, combining medical and behavioral expertise.

Veterinary behaviorists and general veterinarians are the only professionals authorized to diagnose medical conditions and prescribe medications for your dog.

You can verify a trainer’s credentials by visiting the certification organizations’ websites linked in this article, where you can search for certified professionals and confirm their qualifications.

Certifications in Translation

Here’s a quick summary of some of the most recommended dog training credentials to aid you in your quest for a qualified trainer.  

• CAAB (Certified Applied Animal Behaviorist). This title is granted to individuals with advanced animal behavior degrees and significant field experience.

• CATCH Certified Dog Trainer (CCDT). Offered by the CATCH Canine Trainers Academy, this certification involves comprehensive coursework and hands-on training in dog behavior and training techniques.

• CDBC (Certified Dog Behavior Consultant). Offered by the International Association of Animal Behavior Consultants (IAABC), this certification requires demonstrated expertise in canine behavior consulting.

• CPDT-KA, CPDT-KSA (Certified Professional Dog Trainer – Knowledge Assessed / Knowledge and Skills Assessed). Offered by the Certification Council for Professional Dog Trainers (CCPDT), these certifications require demonstrated knowledge and experience in dog training.

• CSAT (Certified Separation Anxiety Trainer).This certification is awarded to trainers specializing in treating canine separation anxiety through science-based, humane methods.

• CTC (Certificate in Training and Counseling). Awarded to graduates of The Academy for Dog Trainers, this certification signifies comprehensive education in dog behavior and training.

• DACVB (Diplomate of the American College of Veterinary Behaviorists). Veterinarians with specialized training in animal behavior earn this board certification.

• DTIA Certified Dog Trainer. The Dog Training Internship Academy provides certification programs focusing on modern, science-based training methods.

• Fear Free Certified Professional. Offered by Fear Free Pets, this certification focuses on preventing and alleviating fear, anxiety, and stress in pets during veterinary visits and at home.

• KPA CTP (Karen Pryor Academy Certified Training Partner). Graduates of the Karen Pryor Academy's Dog Trainer Professional Program earn this designation, reflecting proficiency in positive reinforcement training methods.

• PPG (Pet Professional Guild). Membership in the Pet Professional Guild indicates a commitment to force-free, science-based training methods. Note: PPG is not a school for dog trainers but a professional organization that represents qualified trainers who pay yearly dues.

• VSA-CDT (Victoria Stilwell Academy – Certified Dog Trainer). Graduates of The Victoria Stilwell Academy's Dog Trainer Course earn this certification, indicating a solid foundation in positive reinforcement training and behavior modification.